The period witnessed a shift toward high-resolution X-ray measurements enabled by using more than two successive X-ray crystal reflections, which substantially increased resolving power and improved wavelength accuracy. Researchers integrated diffraction-based chemical analysis with spectral interpretation, applying X-ray techniques to chemical identification, quantitative phase analysis of powders, and the structural study of liquids such as water. A unifying pattern emerged around method development and cross-disciplinary linkage between spectroscopy and materials characterization, with emphasis on systematic measurement and reproducibility.